12160 Social Network2024-03-29T05:18:59ZDTOMhttps://12160.info/profile/DTOMhttps://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1798375711?profile=RESIZE_48X48&width=48&height=48&crop=1%3A1https://12160.info/forum/topic/listForContributor?groupUrl=rise-of-the-reds&user=zrzl8ltaywnd&feed=yes&xn_auth=noRussia Sounds Alarm on Economy as West Starts With Sanctionstag:12160.info,2014-03-19:2649739:Topic:14357002014-03-19T03:57:49.700ZDTOMhttps://12160.info/profile/DTOM
<p><a href="http://topics.bloomberg.com/russia/">Russia</a>’s <a class="web_ticker" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/RUDPRYOY:IND" title="Get Quote">economy</a> is showing signs of a crisis, the government in Moscow said as the U.S. and the European Union announced sanctions over its plan to annex the Crimea region from Ukraine.</p>
<p>“The situation in the economy bears clear signs of a crisis,” Deputy Economy Minister Sergei Belyakov said in Moscow yesterday. The cabinet needs to refrain…</p>
<p><a href="http://topics.bloomberg.com/russia/">Russia</a>’s <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/RUDPRYOY:IND" class="web_ticker" title="Get Quote">economy</a> is showing signs of a crisis, the government in Moscow said as the U.S. and the European Union announced sanctions over its plan to annex the Crimea region from Ukraine.</p>
<p>“The situation in the economy bears clear signs of a crisis,” Deputy Economy Minister Sergei Belyakov said in Moscow yesterday. The cabinet needs to refrain from raising the fiscal burden on companies, which would be the “wrong approach,” he said. “Taking money from companies and asking them afterward to modernize production is illogical and strange.”</p>
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<p><a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-17/russia-sees-economy-tipping-into-crisis-as-western-sanctions-hit.html">http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-17/russia-sees-economy-tipping-into-crisis-as-western-sanctions-hit.html</a></p> US criticizes new China zone, vows to defend Japantag:12160.info,2013-11-24:2649739:Topic:13651402013-11-24T00:58:22.686ZDTOMhttps://12160.info/profile/DTOM
<p>Geneva (AFP) - The United States said Saturday it was "deeply concerned" and committed to defending Japan after China announced an air zone in the East China Sea that includes disputed islands.</p>
<p>In a move that US ally Japan branded as "very dangerous," China said it was setting up the "air defense identification zone" over the islands administered by Tokyo to "guard against potential air threats."</p>
<p>In similar statements, Secretary of State John Kerry and Secretary of Defense…</p>
<p>Geneva (AFP) - The United States said Saturday it was "deeply concerned" and committed to defending Japan after China announced an air zone in the East China Sea that includes disputed islands.</p>
<p>In a move that US ally Japan branded as "very dangerous," China said it was setting up the "air defense identification zone" over the islands administered by Tokyo to "guard against potential air threats."</p>
<p>In similar statements, Secretary of State John Kerry and Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel said that the United States was "deeply concerned" about the moves by China, which also scrambled air force jets to carry out a patrol mission in the newly declared zone.</p>
<p>"This unilateral action constitutes an attempt to change the status quo in the East China Sea," Kerry said.</p>
<p>"Escalatory action will only increase tensions in the region and create risks of an incident," the top US diplomat said from Geneva, where he was taking part in talks on reaching an agreement with Iran on its nuclear program.</p>
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<p><a href="http://news.yahoo.com/us-deeply-concerned-over-china-air-defense-zone-223707007.html">http://news.yahoo.com/us-deeply-concerned-over-china-air-defense-zone-223707007.html</a></p> Unique ‘direct kill’ air defense complex unveiled in Russiatag:12160.info,2013-11-17:2649739:Topic:13594502013-11-17T09:18:19.251ZDTOMhttps://12160.info/profile/DTOM
<p><a href="http://rt.com/news/russian-tor-missile-unique-794/" target="_blank"><strong>RT</strong></a><br></br> November 16, 2013</p>
<p>Tests of a new missile for the advanced version of the Russian air defense system Tor-M2 proved it is capable of shooting down challenging targets with amazing precision, hitting moving missiles head-on, Russian arms manufacturer Almaz-Antey revealed.…</p>
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<p><a href="http://rt.com/news/russian-tor-missile-unique-794/" target="_blank"><strong>RT</strong></a><br/> November 16, 2013</p>
<p>Tests of a new missile for the advanced version of the Russian air defense system Tor-M2 proved it is capable of shooting down challenging targets with amazing precision, hitting moving missiles head-on, Russian arms manufacturer Almaz-Antey revealed.</p>
<div id="attachment_94297" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 340px;"><a rel="slb" href="http://static.infowars.com/bindnfocom/2013/11/111613torm2.jpg"><img src="http://static.infowars.com/bindnfocom/2013/11/111613torm2.jpg" alt="A Tor M-2 displayed at a military show in Russia. Source: Vitaly V. Kuzmin" class="size-full wp-image-94297" height="227" width="340"/></a><p class="wp-caption-text">A Tor M-2 displayed at a military show in Russia. Source: Vitaly V. Kuzmin</p>
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<p>In an attempt to push the limits of modern missile defense systems, Russian military design bureaus Almaz-Antey and Vympel NPO (now part of Tactical Missiles Corporation) have jointly developed the new 9M338 surface-to-air missile.</p>
<p>Tested with the latest Tor-M2 missile system, the new weapon displayed remarkable precision. It destroyed three of its moving targets head-on.</p>
<p>“We fired five missiles at very difficult targets [highly maneuverable target drones Saman], and three of the targets were shot down by direct missile-against-missile hits, that is, head-on. This is an excellent result, an amazing precision,” Sergey Druzin, head of research and development at Almaz-Antey, told RIA Novosti.</p>
<p>Druzin called the result “unique,” adding that the other two targets were destroyed by shrapnel from exploding warheads. Shooting down air targets this way is how most modern defense systems work. Scoring guaranteed direct hits at maneuverable missiles has eluded even the most advanced military technologies.</p>
<p>The outstanding 9M338 is thus “a result of a very hard and long work,” Druzin said.</p>
<p>Another advantage of the new missile is its small size, which has allowed the increase of Tor-M2 ammunition from 8 to 16 rounds.</p>
<p>“We can say now that a unique air defense system in its class with an astounding precision and range has been created. Its performance surpasses all planned parameters,” Druzin concluded.</p>
<p>According to the official, the improved Tor-M2 system with 9M338 missiles has been approved by a state commission for mass production for the Russian Army. The advanced version of the system was unveiled by Almaz-Antey on Thursday, and also features an extended firing range.</p>
<p>But according to Druzin, the system could be improved even further – by eliminating the launcher’s stop time when it’s ready to fire a missile.</p>
<p>“The mobile launcher currently stops for two or three seconds to launch a missile, but it could be done on a move, without stopping,” the official explained.</p>
<p>The Tor system is a low- to medium-altitude, short-range surface-to-air missile system designed to intercept aircraft, cruise missiles, precision-guided munitions, unmanned aerial vehicles, and ballistic targets.</p>
<p>Tor-M1 and Tor-M2U models, armed with 9M331 missiles, are currently in service with the Russian army.</p> How to Build an Iglootag:12160.info,2013-06-17:2649739:Topic:12285792013-06-17T06:30:03.670ZDTOMhttps://12160.info/profile/DTOM
<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ogPD3DPOj90?feature=player_detailpage&wmode=opaque" width="640"></iframe>
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<center><font color="#990000" face="Helvetica">How to Build an Igloo</font></center>
<center><font size="+1">by Susan Labiste</font></center>
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<center><b><img align="bottom" border="0" height="162" src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo10.jpg" width="270"></img></b></center>
<p><b>During the winter season, a companion and I spent two nights in an igloo near Carson Pass, California. At 8,570 feet the…</b></p>
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<center><font color="#990000" face="Helvetica">How to Build an Igloo</font></center>
<center><font size="+1">by Susan Labiste</font></center>
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<center><b><img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo10.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="162" width="270"/></b></center>
<p><b>During the winter season, a companion and I spent two nights in an igloo near Carson Pass, California. At 8,570 feet the snow was too deep for hiking without snowshoes, and night temperatures dipped to minus five degrees Fahrenheit. Despite the cold, we kept relatively warm in our igloo. I learned to make igloos from Kim Grandfield's Snow and Igloo classes at <a href="http://www.sunrisemountainsports.com/">Sunrise Mountain Sports</a>, not from an Inuit elder. If you have an opportunity to watch and participate in building an igloo with someone who knows the process, that is the best way to learn. Having said this, I'll do my best to provide a description of the process I have found successful.<br/></b></p>
<p><b>MATERIALS NECESSARY:<br/> - Snow saw, 14-20 inches long<br/> - Snow shovel<br/> - Waterproof gloves or mittens<br/> - Snowshoes may be needed to access site</b></p>
<p>Most people have seen pictures of the domed snow block structure known as an igloo. The Inuit also built far more complex snow block structures, but the small domed house most of us have seen in cartoons and movies is a structure which can be constructed in an afternoon.</p>
<p>Construction begins with the cutting of snow blocks. In most areas snow falls without compacting enough to allow <img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo1.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="203" width="270"/>blocks to be cut. Tramp an area the size of your intended snow block quarry for at least 15 to 30 minutes, then let it rest a half hour. Compaction causes the small ice crystals of snow to melt. These quickly refreeze, forming a more solid building material. The size of the blocks you cut will depend upon two things:<br/> <b>1.</b> How heavy a block are you able to comfortably handle? Your strength and the moisture content of the compacted snow will provide some practical limits to the size of the block. <br/> <b>2.</b> How strong is the compacted snow? In areas where layers of snow have thawed and refrozen, there may be ice layers in the snow. These layers make the snow blocks fragile. If such blocks must be used, they will have to be thicker than those cut from blocks without ice layers. Well compacted, low moisture snow can be cut into large thin blocks.</p>
<p>Your quarry may be the area over which the igloo is built. With this plan the quarry forms the floor of the igloo. The floor of the igloo is below ground level. Since entry ways are best set below the level of the igloo floor, further excavation forms the entryway. Planning your igloo site on a hillside facilitates this process.</p>
<center><img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo3.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="203" width="270"/> <img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo11.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="196" width="288"/></center>
<p>If a number of people are helping to build the igloo, using the floor as the quarry may cause too much congestion. A nearby quarry will work better and the floor can be quickly excavated with a snow shovel.</p>
<p>Regardless of where your quarry is situated, you will need the snow shovel to excavate a hole or trench. This is the only way to reach the underside of the first blocks to cut them free.</p>
<center><img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo4.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="203" width="270"/><br/> <br/> <b>Cutting the underside of the block with the snow saw.<br/></b></center>
<p>Once blocks are cut, construction begins as an upward spiral. When building on a hill, the slope of the hill can be used to ease the angle of the beginning spiral.</p>
<p>Many illustrations imply that igloo construction follows the rules for masonry. I have seen a lot of illustrations which imply blocks are of a standard size and shape. When building with snow blocks, each block is shaped after it is cut from the quarry. The shape of an individual block depends on the position in the spiral where it will be placed. Near the floor, where the block may not be angled inward more than a few degrees, blocks are rectangular in shape. Near the center of the roof, where the blocks are nearly horizontal, their shape may be nearly triangular.</p>
<center><img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo13.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="323" width="414"/></center>
<p>I've seldom read descriptions of the angle cut into each block. Imagine yourself at the center of a pie, cutting pie shapes into the crust of the pie (i.e. the snow blocks). The pie shape is applied both to the upright and horizontal angles of a rectangular block.</p>
<center><b><img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo12.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="209" width="414"/></b></center>
<center><b><img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo7.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="203" width="270"/><br/></b></center>
<p>All of this makes intuitive sense. But the next bit of advice is not intuitive, at least not unless you have intimate ties to the nature of snow. Cut out an arc on the bottom of every block such that only the two bottom edges of the block will rest on the block below.</p>
<center><img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo14.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="198" width="432"/></center>
<p><img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo2.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="203" width="270"/>The block is now ready to seat. Hold the new block at the appropriate angle for its place in the structure. Now GENTLY slide it into the previous block. Properly set, it will make a gentle "thunk". (A lack of restraint will knock the others loose.) The compression of that gentle bump will make it "stick" to the previous block. This stickiness is what makes it possible to set blocks at extreme angles as the igloo is built. The reason for the arching bottom of the block has to do with the contact points illustrated above. Beyond that, you will need to ask an expert. I just know a block fitted perfectly to the one below is very hard to seat. Perhaps the smaller contact points direct the compressive force more effectively, melting and refreezing the blocks as they are set. Maybe one of our readers can explain the physics better.</p>
<p>Now, I have made this all sound very exact. In practice, blocks can be of various sizes and shapes as long as they are cut to similar heights, the upper lengths narrow, and the underside of each block is arched.</p>
<p>The final blocks must usually be set from the inside. The last is tilted on end, then turned and brought down into place like the lid on a Jack-O-Lantern.<br/> <br/> After the final block is set, shovel snow onto the igloo. Gently pack it into holes and crevices. Avoid applying pressure from the inside while filling cracks. Protruding edges may be carefully trimmed on the inside surface. A smooth inner surface prevents dripping as the inside temperature rises above freezing. After a night or two of warming from the inside and refreezing the igloo will be very strong. I stood on top of the one we built on day three.</p>
<center><b><img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo5.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="227" width="270"/> <img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo8.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="270" width="203"/></b></center>
<center><b><img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo6.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="270" width="203"/><br/> <br/> Close-up of snow saw.<br/></b></center>
<p>The entry is often most easily done after the blocks are all set. At least it is easy if there is more than one of you. Having set the last block, someone is now inside the closed igloo. They can take a rest while the others cut an entrance down slope from the edge of the igloo. The top of the entry is ideally at the floor level, so one climbs up onto the floor upon entering. This provides a nice heat trap. Open a vent high on the side of the igloo wall to vent carbon dioxide, especially if you are cooking inside.</p>
<center><img src="http://www.primitiveways.com/Images2/igloo9.jpg" align="bottom" border="0" height="203" width="270"/><br/> <br/> <b>Inside of the igloo: Notice the cut blocks of packed snow that were used to create the shape of the igloo.<br/></b></center>
<p>When it is time to abandon your igloo, consider the visual impact of this man-made structure in the wild. Consider dismantling it in an effort to "leave no trace". In some areas, deconstruction is mandatory. In our case, we had a good time hacking and sawing it into new shapes, then delivering the "coup de gráce" with flourish.</p> Ambushtag:12160.info,2013-05-23:2649739:Topic:12017882013-05-23T15:30:31.817ZDTOMhttps://12160.info/profile/DTOM
<p>An <b>ambush</b> is a long-established <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">military tactic</a>, in which the aggressors (the ambushing force) take advantage of concealment and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_of_surprise" title="Element of surprise">element of surprise</a> to attack an unsuspecting enemy from concealed positions, such as among dense…</p>
<p>An <b>ambush</b> is a long-established <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">military tactic</a>, in which the aggressors (the ambushing force) take advantage of concealment and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_of_surprise" title="Element of surprise" class="mw-redirect">element of surprise</a> to attack an unsuspecting enemy from concealed positions, such as among dense <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underbrush" title="Underbrush" class="mw-redirect">underbrush</a> or behind <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">hilltops</a>. Ambushes have been used consistently throughout history, from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_warfare" title="Ancient warfare">ancient</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">modern warfare</a>.</p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<p>In ancient times, an ambush often might involve thousands of soldiers on a large scale, such as over a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pass" title="Mountain pass">mountain pass</a>. Ambushes appear many times in military history. One outstanding example from ancient times is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trebia" title="Battle of the Trebia">Battle of the Trebia</a> river. Hannibal encamped within striking distance of the Romans with the Trebia River between them, and placed a strong force of cavalry and infantry in concealment, near the battle zone. He had noticed, says Polybius, a <i>“place between the two camps, flat indeed and treeless, but well adapted for an ambuscade, as it was traversed by a water-course with steep banks, densely overgrown with brambles and other thorny plants, and here he proposed to lay a stratagem to surprise the enemy”</i>.</p>
<p>When the Roman infantry became entangled in combat with his army, the hidden ambush force attacked the legionnaires in the rear. The result was slaughter and defeat for the Romans. Nevertheless the battle also displays the effects of good tactical discipline on the part of the ambushed force. Although most of the legions were lost, about 10,000 Romans cut their way through to safety, maintaining <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_cohesion" title="Unit cohesion">unit cohesion</a>. This ability to maintain discipline and break out or maneuver away from a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_zone" title="Killing zone" class="mw-redirect">killing zone</a> is a hallmark of good troops and training in any ambush situation. See Ranger reference below.</p>
<p>Another famous ambush was that sprung by Germanic warchief <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arminius" title="Arminius">Arminius</a> against the Romans at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest" title="Battle of the Teutoburg Forest">Battle of the Teutoburg Forest</a>. This particular ambush was to have an impact on the course of Western history. The Germanic forces demonstrated several principles needed for a successful ambush. They took cover in difficult forested terrain, allowing the warriors time and space to mass without detection. They had the element of surprise, and this was also aided by the defection of Arminius from Roman ranks prior to the battle. They sprung the attack when the Romans were most vulnerable- when they had left their fortified camp, and were on the march in a pounding rainstorm.</p>
<p>They did not dawdle at the hour of decision but attacked quickly, using a massive series of short, rapid, vicious charges against the length of the whole Roman line, with charging units sometimes withdrawing to the forest to regroup while others took their place. The Germans also made use of blocking obstacles, erecting a trench and earthen wall to hinder Roman movement along the route of the killing zone. The result was mass slaughter of the Romans, and the destruction of 3 legions. The Germanic victory caused a limit on Roman expansion in the West. Ultimately, it established the Rhine as the boundary of the Roman Empire for the next four hundred years, until the decline of the Roman influence in the West. The Roman Empire made no further concerted attempts to conquer Germania beyond the Rhine.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Procedure">Procedure</span></h2>
<p>In modern warfare, an ambush is most often employed by ground troops up to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">platoon</a> size against enemy targets, which may be other ground troops, or possibly vehicles. However, in some situations, especially when deep behind enemy lines, the actual attack will be carried out by a platoon, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_%28military_unit%29" title="Company (military unit)">company</a>-sized unit will be deployed to support the attack group, setting up and maintaining a forward patrol harbour from which the attacking force will deploy, and to which they will retire after the attack.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Planning">Planning</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ambush.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ambush.gif/220px-Ambush.gif" class="thumbimage" height="128" width="220"/></a><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ambush.gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf2/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15"/></a></div>
US Army idealised linear ambush plan</div>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ambush_L_shaped.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ambush_L_shaped.gif/220px-Ambush_L_shaped.gif" class="thumbimage" height="104" width="220"/></a><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ambush_L_shaped.gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf2/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15"/></a></div>
US Army idealised L-shaped ambush plan</div>
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<p>Ambushes are complex, multi-phase operations, and are, therefore, usually planned in some detail. First, a suitable killing zone is identified. This is the place where the ambush will be laid. It's generally a place where enemy units are expected to pass, and which gives reasonable cover for the deployment, execution, and extraction phases of the ambush patrol. A path along a wooded valley floor would be a typical example.</p>
<p>Ambush can be described geometrically as:</p>
<ul>
<li><b>Linear</b>, when a number of firing units are equally distant from the linear <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_zone" title="Kill zone">kill zone</a>.</li>
<li><b>L-shaped</b>, when a short leg of firing units are placed to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfilade" title="Enfilade" class="mw-redirect">enfilade</a> (fire the length of) the sides of the linear kill zone.</li>
<li><b>V-shaped</b>, when the firing units are distant from the kill zone at the end where the enemy enters, so the firing units lay down bands of intersecting and interlocking fire. This ambush is normally triggered only when the enemy is well into the kill zone. The intersecting bands of fire prevent any attempt of moving out of the kill zone.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambush#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Preparation">Preparation</span></h3>
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<td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help improve this section by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <small><i>(April 2012)</i></small></span></td>
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<p>To be successful, an ambush patrol must deploy into the area covertly, ideally under the cover of darkness. The patrol will establish secure and covert positions overlooking the killing zone. Usually, two or more “cut-off” groups will be sent out a short distance from the main ambushing group, into similarly covert positions. Their job is twofold; first, to give the ambush commander early warning of the approaching enemy, and second, when the ambush is initiated, to prevent any enemies from escaping. Another group will cover the front and rear of the ambush position (blocking force), and thus provide <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_round_defence" title="All round defence">all round defence</a>.</p>
<p>Care must be taken by the ambush commander to ensure that fire from any weapon cannot inadvertently hit any other friendly unit (this is known as crossfire).</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Waiting">Waiting</span></h3>
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<td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help improve this section by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <small><i>(April 2012)</i></small></span></td>
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<p>Having set up the ambush, the next phase is to wait. This could be for a few hours, or a few days, depending on the tactical and supply situation. It is obviously much harder for an ambush patrol to remain covert and alert if sentry rosters, shelter, sleeping, sanitary arrangements, food and water, have to be considered; so this should be done in a patrol harbour, away from the site chosen for the ambush. Ambush patrols will almost always have to be self-sufficient, as re-supply would not be possible without compromising their position.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Execution">Execution</span></h3>
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<td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help improve this section by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <small><i>(April 2012)</i></small></span></td>
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Support elements needed for a successful large scale attack.</div>
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<p>The arrival of an enemy in the area should be signalled by one of the cut-off units. This may be done by radio or by some other signal, but the enemy must not detect the signal. If <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_silence" title="Radio silence">radio silence</a> is necessary, the pre-electronic expedient of a cord linking the groups, tugged once or twice as a signal, may be employed. The ambush commander will have given a clear instruction for initiating the ambush. An ambush is ideally initiated by the most effective casualty-producing device available to the attacking elements. This might be a burst from an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_weapon" title="Automatic weapon" class="mw-redirect">automatic weapon</a>, or the use of an antipersonnel explosive device (such as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M18A1_Claymore_Antipersonnel_Mine" title="M18A1 Claymore Antipersonnel Mine" class="mw-redirect">Claymore mine</a> or other directional weapon). Some military doctrines call for an ambush to be initiated by a signal from a whistle, though in US practice, whistles are not favored, since they do nothing to inflict damage on the enemy. The ambush commander may judge when the ambush will be most effective, and give the signal manually, or the ambush patrol may rely on tripwire or pressure-detonated mines in the kill zone to initiate firing.</p>
<p>Against vehicles, the lead and rear vehicles are the primary targets; this traps the remaining vehicles in the kill zone for as long as possible. Targets are prioritised to rapidly destroy the target's unit cohesion. It is vital to obtain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_superiority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fire superiority (page does not exist)">fire superiority</a> as rapidly as possible, to prevent enemy counter-ambush tactics from being executed. The order of priorities against an enemy infantry unit is the enemy radio operator (in the past identified by the whip aerial of the backpack radio unit such as the British Army's Clansman system), the enemy's unit commander (a more difficult task today when officers and NCOs are dressed and armed in an identical manner to the rest of the infantry squad), and the platoon or section machine-gunner.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>
<p>After the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">firefight</a> has been won, the now compromised ambush patrol must leave the area as soon as it is practical to do so. In hit-and-run operations, especially against superior numbers and forces, the ambush force will begin disengaging even before the firefight has been won.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the past, accepted protocol was to check bodies for intelligence, take prisoners, and 'treat' any wounded enemy. Once this was accomplished, the ambush patrol would then exfiltrate the area by a pre-determined route.</p>
<p>If time has allowed for it, the ambush force will have prepared their exit; for example, placing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_mine" title="Land mine">land mines</a> to cover their retreat, with the members of the force making, and following, a safe route through the mines. If possible, a subsidiary ambush may be planned along the exit route to catch pursuing troops, and, if available, the egress may be covered by mortar or artillery fire.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Surviving">Surviving</span></h3>
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<td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for verification</b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help <a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambush&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">challenged</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <small><i>(April 2012)</i></small></span></td>
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<p>By definition, the ambush contains the element of total surprise; which means the victims of the ambush have no knowledge of how it has been constructed, or of what measures may have been employed to prevent escape. Therefore – and this has been proven by the experience of war – the only <i>likely</i> method of survival is withdrawal from the killing zone "the way you came in". All other routes out of the killing zone may be blocked, and in a very well-planned and well-executed ambush, even the "back door" will have been closed by the time the ambush is sprung, though perhaps not as securely. The published military doctrine is "immediate, positive, and offensive action" against the ambush. But this is very likely to have been anticipated by the ones who set the ambush, and often plays into their hands. The value of withdrawal is the preservation of the force to "live to fight another day", when not taken by surprise.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Avoiding">Avoiding</span></h3>
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<td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help improve this section by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <small><i>(April 2012)</i></small></span></td>
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<p>The best way to survive an ambush is not to encounter them. In order for this to happen, patrol movement mustn't be predictable in timing or route, and should avoid the most obvious routes. Rather than moving at a constant speed and direction, the patrol should vary these, with occasional stops to observe both the route ahead, and changes behind. Units should move in such a way that they are close enough together for mutual support, but far enough apart so that one burst of automatic fire wouldn't take out the entire unit. When on foot, if possible, the patrol should move in such a way as to maximise their firepower; for example, with the arrowhead and spearhead formation, they should not allow themselves to be skylined. Units on foot should have a point man some way ahead of the main body, and, if possible, a rearguard as well. Those travelling in vehicles follow the same procedures, with lead and trailing vehicles well ahead of, and well behind, the main body of vehicles.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Countering">Countering</span></h3>
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<td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help improve this section by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <small><i>(April 2012)</i></small></span></td>
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<p>In the modern day warfare, this is much easier than before, since a route can be "sanitized" with saturation <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppressive_fire" title="Suppressive fire">suppressive fire</a> beforehand by aerial assets (e.g., with rotating barrel miniguns), and any obvious ambush sites noted, and counter measures taken. During the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan" title="Soviet war in Afghanistan">Soviet war in Afghanistan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi-24_Hind" title="Mi-24 Hind" class="mw-redirect">Mi-24 Hind</a> gunships were used to locate concentrations of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">mujahideen</a> guerrilla, and these would then be attacked by the Hinds themselves, or by artillery, using the aircraft as spotters.</p> Feinttag:12160.info,2013-05-23:2649739:Topic:12017012013-05-23T15:29:31.612ZDTOMhttps://12160.info/profile/DTOM
<p><b>Feint</b> is a French term that entered English via the discipline of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swordsmanship" title="Swordsmanship">swordsmanship</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feint#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Feints are maneuvers designed to distract or mislead, done by giving the impression that a certain maneuver will…</p>
<p><b>Feint</b> is a French term that entered English via the discipline of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swordsmanship" title="Swordsmanship">swordsmanship</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feint#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Feints are maneuvers designed to distract or mislead, done by giving the impression that a certain maneuver will take place, while in fact another, or even none, will. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">military tactics</a> and many types of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">combat</a>, there are two types of feints: <b>feint attacks</b> and <b>feint retreats</b>.</p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Attacks">Attacks</span></h2>
<p>A <b>feint attack</b> is designed to draw defensive action towards the point under assault. It is usually used as a diversion to force the enemy to concentrate more manpower in a given area so that the opposing force in another area is weaker. Unlike a related diversionary maneuver, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstration_%28military%29" title="Demonstration (military)">demonstration</a>, a feint involves actual contact with the enemy.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Retreats">Retreats</span></h2>
<p>A <b>feint retreat</b> is performed by briefly engaging the enemy, then retreating. It is intended to draw the enemy pursuit into a prepared ambush, or to cause disarray. For example, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings#Battle" title="Battle of Hastings">Battle of Hastings</a> was lost when Saxons pursued the Norman cavalry. This forfeited the advantage of height and the line was broken, providing the opportunity to fight in single handed combat on a neutral vantage point, a battle for which the Saxons were not ready. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthian_shot" title="Parthian shot">Parthian shot</a> is another example of a <i>feint retreat</i>, where mounted Parthian archers would retreat from a battle and then, while still riding, turn their bodies back to shoot at the pursuing enemy.</p> Embassies face decisions as tensions rise in North Koreatag:12160.info,2013-04-06:2649739:Topic:11698002013-04-06T18:50:05.852ZDTOMhttps://12160.info/profile/DTOM
<div class="cnn_stryathrtmp"><div class="cnnByline">By <strong>Jethro Mullen. Barbara Starr and Laura Smith-Spark</strong>, CNN</div>
<div class="cnn_strytmstmp">updated 4:09 PM EDT, Fri April 5, 2013</div>
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<p><img alt="South Korean soldiers with K-55 self-propelled Howitzers stage at a military training field in the border city of Paju on Friday, April 5, as tensions continue to mount on the Korean peninsula." border="0" height="360" id="articleGalleryPhoto001" name="articleGalleryPhoto001" src="http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/130406103326-01-south-korea-0406-horizontal-gallery.jpg" style="margin: 0 auto;" width="640"></img></p>
<p></p>
<p class="cnnEditorialNote"><em>Anderson Cooper talks to an escapee from a North Korean prison camp on <a href="http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/">'AC360'</a> tonight at 8pm ET</em></p>
<p><strong>(CNN)</strong> -- Foreign diplomatic missions in North Korea face an…</p>
<div class="cnn_stryathrtmp"><div class="cnnByline">By <strong>Jethro Mullen. Barbara Starr and Laura Smith-Spark</strong>, CNN</div>
<div class="cnn_strytmstmp">updated 4:09 PM EDT, Fri April 5, 2013</div>
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<p><img src="http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/130406103326-01-south-korea-0406-horizontal-gallery.jpg" alt="South Korean soldiers with K-55 self-propelled Howitzers stage at a military training field in the border city of Paju on Friday, April 5, as tensions continue to mount on the Korean peninsula." id="articleGalleryPhoto001" style="margin: 0 auto;" border="0" height="360" width="640" name="articleGalleryPhoto001"/></p>
<p></p>
<p class="cnnEditorialNote"><em>Anderson Cooper talks to an escapee from a North Korean prison camp on <a href="http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/">'AC360'</a> tonight at 8pm ET</em></p>
<p><strong>(CNN)</strong> -- Foreign diplomatic missions in North Korea face an ominous decision after Pyongyang said Friday it could not guarantee the safety of embassies and international organizations in the event of armed conflict.</p>
<p class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph2">Tensions on the Korean peninsula remain in a heightened state amid new reports that North Korea has prepared missiles for launch, while South Korea has deployed naval destroyers to its coasts.</p>
<p class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph3">The British Foreign Office said North Korea told British officials that it would not be able to guarantee the safety of diplomats in the capital if fighting breaks out.</p>
<p class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph4">Several diplomatic missions said the North Koreans held a meeting Friday for ambassadors in which they asked whether anyone needed assistance in evacuating their personnel.</p>
<p class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph5">"We are consulting international partners about these developments," the British Foreign Office said in a written statement. "No decisions have been taken, and we have no immediate plans to withdraw our embassy."</p>
<p class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph5"></p>
<p class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph5"><a href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/05/world/asia/koreas-tensions/index.html">http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/05/world/asia/koreas-tensions/index.html</a></p> Military deceptiontag:12160.info,2013-04-06:2649739:Topic:11697902013-04-06T18:20:06.138ZDTOMhttps://12160.info/profile/DTOM
<p><b>Military deception</b> refers to attempts to mislead enemy forces during <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfare" title="Warfare">warfare</a>. This is usually achieved by creating or amplifying an artificial <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog_of_war" title="Fog of war">fog of war</a> via <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_operations" title="Psychological operations">psychological operations</a>,…</p>
<p><b>Military deception</b> refers to attempts to mislead enemy forces during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfare" title="Warfare" class="mw-redirect">warfare</a>. This is usually achieved by creating or amplifying an artificial <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog_of_war" title="Fog of war">fog of war</a> via <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_operations" title="Psychological operations" class="mw-redirect">psychological operations</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">information warfare</a>, visual deception and other methods. As a form of strategic use of information (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a>), it overlaps with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">psychological warfare</a>. To the degree that any enemy that falls for the deception will lose confidence when it is revealed, he may hesitate when confronted with the truth.</p>
<p>Deception in warfare dates back to early history. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></i>, an ancient Chinese military treatise, puts great emphasis on the tactic. In modern times military deception has developed as a fully fledged doctrine. Misinformation and visual deception were employed during World War I and came into even greater prominence during World War II. In the buildup to the 1944 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy" title="Invasion of Normandy">invasion of Normandy</a> the Allies executed one of the largest deceptions in military history, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Bodyguard" title="Operation Bodyguard">Operation Bodyguard</a>, helping them achieve full tactical surprise.</p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Types_of_deception">Types of deception</span></h2>
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<p>Broadly, military deception can take both strategic and tactical forms. Deception across a strategic battlefield was uncommon until the modern age (particularly in the world wars of the 20th century), but tactical deception (on individual battlefields) dates back to early history.<sup id="cite_ref-Latimer6_1-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Deception#cite_note-Latimer6-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> In a practical sense military deception employs visual misdirection, misinformation (for example, via <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_agent" title="Double agent">double agents</a>) and psychology to make the enemy believe something that is untrue. The use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">military camouflage</a>, especially on a large scale, is a form of deception.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Deception#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> The Russian loanword <i><b>maskirovka</b></i> (literally: disguise, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflage</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Concealment" class="extiw" title="wikt:Concealment">concealment</a>) is used to describe the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_doctrine" title="Military doctrine">military doctrine</a> of surprise through deception, in which camouflage plays a significant role.<sup id="cite_ref-Maskirovka_3-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Deception#cite_note-Maskirovka-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Deception#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Deception#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>There are numerous examples of deception activities employed throughout the history of warfare, such as:</p>
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<dt>Feigned retreat</dt>
<dd>Leading the enemy, through a false sense of security, into a pre-positioned ambush.<sup id="cite_ref-LatimerRetreat_6-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Deception#cite_note-LatimerRetreat-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></dd>
<dt>Fictional units</dt>
<dd>Creating entirely fictional forces or exaggerating the size of an army.<sup id="cite_ref-HowardAForce_7-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Deception#cite_note-HowardAForce-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></dd>
<dt>Smoke screen</dt>
<dd>A tactical deception involving smoke, fog, or other forms of cover to hide battlefield movements.<sup id="cite_ref-LatimerSmoke_8-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Deception#cite_note-LatimerSmoke-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></dd>
<dt><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_horse" title="Trojan horse" class="mw-redirect">Trojan horse</a></dt>
<dd>Gaining admittance to a fortified area under false pretences, to later admit a larger attacking force.</dd>
<dt>Strategic envelopment</dt>
<dd>A small force distracts the enemy while a much larger force moves to attack from the rear. A favoured tactic of Napoleon.<sup id="cite_ref-LatimerRevolutionary_9-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Deception#cite_note-LatimerRevolutionary-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></dd>
<dd><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Deception" target="_blank">Read more...</a></dd>
</dl> Shoot-and-scoottag:12160.info,2013-04-06:2649739:Topic:11694662013-04-06T00:57:29.263ZDTOMhttps://12160.info/profile/DTOM
<p><b>Shoot and scoot</b> is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">tactic</a> of firing at a target and then immediately moving away from the location from where the shots were fired to avoid <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-battery_fire" title="Counter-battery fire">counter-battery fire</a> (e.g. from enemy artillery). The need for such tactics in World…</p>
<p><b>Shoot and scoot</b> is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">tactic</a> of firing at a target and then immediately moving away from the location from where the shots were fired to avoid <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-battery_fire" title="Counter-battery fire">counter-battery fire</a> (e.g. from enemy artillery). The need for such tactics in World War II became obvious from the noticeable smoke signature produced by the use of anti-tank infantry weapons such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_bazooka" title="M1 bazooka" class="mw-redirect">M1 bazooka</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerfaust" title="Panzerfaust">Panzerfaust</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerschreck" title="Panzerschreck">Panzerschreck</a>, and also by the various models of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebelwerfer" title="Nebelwerfer">Nebelwerfer</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurfrahmen_40" title="Wurfrahmen 40">Wurfrahmen 40</a> German barrage rocket systems.</p>
<p>Shoot and scoot was originally made possible and used by Soviet <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyusha_rocket_launcher" title="Katyusha rocket launcher">Katyusha</a> rocket artillery, whose rudimentary construction of rails on a truck chassis made it comparatively light and mobile, while its quick 7-10 second full salvo, slow reload, and complete lack of protection made switching positions its main tactic and best defense.</p>
<p>Shoot and scoot tactics were first adopted by NATO in the early 1960s by its nuclear artillery units using towed 8-inch Howitzers and truck-mounted MGR-1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honest_John" title="Honest John" class="mw-redirect">Honest John</a> rockets. These operated as single guns or launchers, typically deployed to a hide, came into action when given a nuclear fire mission, fired and immediately came out of action and moved to another hide adjacent to another firing position. These tactics became normal for missile units and were successfully used by Iraqi missile units in the 1991 Gulf War.</p>
<p>Similar tactics were adopted by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M270_Multiple_Launch_Rocket_System" title="M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System">M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System</a> (MLRS) platoons when it entered service, although in this case the launchers usually went first to a reload site after firing. It may be used by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinaka_Multi_Barrel_Rocket_Launcher" title="Pinaka Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher">Indian Pinaka MBRL</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BM-21" title="BM-21" class="mw-redirect">Grad</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BM-27" title="BM-27" class="mw-redirect">Uragan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K58_Smerch" title="9K58 Smerch" class="mw-redirect">Smerch</a>, although originally systems like Grad used more traditional tactics.</p>
<p>The tactic has also been adapted and adopted for more general use with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-propelled_gun" title="Self-propelled gun">self-propelled gun</a> batteries (such as the US <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M109_howitzer" title="M109 howitzer">M109 Paladin</a> or German <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PzH2000" title="PzH2000" class="mw-redirect">PzH2000</a>).</p>
<p>A refined version are gun manoeuvre areas developed by UK for use by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS90" title="AS90" class="mw-redirect">AS90</a> batteries when the counter-battery threat is high. These areas cover several square kilometers and the guns move around in them in pairs. The difficult decision is deciding how long guns can remain in one place before moving. This requires judgement about the enemy's counter-battery responsiveness. In these areas, the battery's command elements remain in one place and there are various options for replenishing the guns' on-board ammunition. The tactic is affected by the rate of fire of the manoeuvring guns and the time it takes them to come out of action. However, it is also very wearing on the gun crews and for sustained use relief crews are essential.</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Defence_Force" title="South African Defence Force">South African Defence Force</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G6_Howitzer" title="G6 Howitzer" class="mw-redirect">G6 Howitzers</a> used the technique very effectively in Angola against Cuban forces in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale" title="Battle of Cuito Cuanavale">Battle of Cuito Cuanavale</a>.</p>
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<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot-and-scoot">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot-and-scoot</a></p> North Korea Tests 'Super-EMP' Nuketag:12160.info,2013-04-06:2649739:Topic:11692992013-04-06T00:35:51.624ZDTOMhttps://12160.info/profile/DTOM
<p>Gary Samore, a top Obama administration national security official, warned of new sanctions if North Korea conducted a third round of nuclear tests on Monday, as reports surfaced that North Korea has miniaturized its nuclear warheads so they can be delivered by ballistic missile.<br></br> <br></br> North Korea’s last round of tests, conducted in May 2009, appear to have included a “super-EMP” weapon, capable of emitting enough gamma rays to disable the electric power grid across most of the lower 48…</p>
<p>Gary Samore, a top Obama administration national security official, warned of new sanctions if North Korea conducted a third round of nuclear tests on Monday, as reports surfaced that North Korea has miniaturized its nuclear warheads so they can be delivered by ballistic missile.<br/> <br/> North Korea’s last round of tests, conducted in May 2009, appear to have included a “super-EMP” weapon, capable of emitting enough gamma rays to disable the electric power grid across most of the lower 48 states, says Dr. Peter Vincent Pry, a former CIA nuclear weapons analyst and president of EMPact America, a citizens lobbying group.<br/> <br/> Samore, who handles arms control and non-proliferation issues, warned that “additional strong sanctions will be imposed on the North with the support of Russia and China."<br/> <br/> North Korea’s nuclear tests have been dismissed as failures by some analysts because of their low explosive yield. But Dr. Pry believes they bore the “signature” of the Russian-designed “super-EMP” weapon, capable of emitting more gamma radiation than a 25-megaton nuclear weapon. <br/> <br/> Pry believes the U.S. intelligence community was expecting North Korea to test a first generation implosion device with an explosive yield of 10 to 20 kilotons, similar to the bomb the U.S. exploded over Nagasaki in 1945. He said, “So when they saw one that put off just three kilotons, they said it failed. That is so implausible." <br/> <br/> The technology for producing a first generation implosion weapon has been around since 1945, and is thoroughly described in open source literature. <br/> <br/> South Korean defense minister, Kim Kwan-jin, told his country’s parliament on Monday that North Korea had succeeded in miniaturizing its nuclear weapons design, allowing them to place a nuclear warhead on a ballistic missile.<br/> <br/> His analysis coincided with Congressional testimony in March by Lt. Gen. Ronald L. Burgess, director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, who stated that North Korea “may now have several plutonium-based warheads that it can deliver by ballistic missiles.”<br/> <br/> The Soviet Union conducted an atmospheric test of an EMP weapon in 1962 over Kazakhstan whose pulse wave set on fire a power station 300 kilometers away and destroyed it within 10 seconds.</p>
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<p><a href="http://www.newsmax.com/KenTimmerman/super-emp-emp-northkorea-nuke/2011/06/16/id/400260">http://www.newsmax.com/KenTimmerman/super-emp-emp-northkorea-nuke/2011/06/16/id/400260</a></p>
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