“This GAO report raises some very serious concerns, and reveals that the FBI’s use of facial recognition technology is far greater than had previously been understood,” said US Senator Franken (D-Minnesota) in a statement.
“This is especially concerning because the report shows that the FBI hasn’t done enough to audit its own use of facial recognition technology or that of other law enforcement agencies that partner with the FBI, nor has it taken adequate steps to ensure the technology’s accuracy,” added the top Democrat on the Senate Privacy and Technology Subcommittee, which commissioned the GAO report released on Wednesday.
The GAO said that the FBI’s Next Generation Interstate Identification Photo System (NGI-IPS) is a database that maintains photos and other biometric data that can be used in pursuing criminal cases. It allows law enforcement agencies to search a database containing more than 30 million photos of 16.9 million people, but the agency has been slow to assess privacy issues when changes were made to the database.
Biometrics are biological and behavioral characteristics – including such indexes as faces, fingerprints, eye retinas, and gait, among other descriptors – based on which people can be recognized using automated technology.
In 1999, the FBI used the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), a national computerized system for storing, comparing, and exchanging fingerprint data in digital format. To populate the database, copies of fingerprints taken as a result of an arrest at the local and state level were submitted voluntarily by authorities to the central repository, to go alongside those from federal arrests.
In 2010, the FBI replaced the IAFIS with Next Generation Identification, which included biometric data and face recognition. That has been updated to the NGI-IPS to provide face recognition service, which allows law enforcement to search criminal photos using a probe photo. The database also contains civil identities (photos submitted for licensing, employment, security clearances, military service, volunteer service, and immigration benefits). Over 80 percent of the photos are of criminals.
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