US decision after 17-year battle over fast-growing salmon could pave way for same step in Britain

A GM salmon which grows twice as fast as ordinary fish could become the first genetically-modified animal in the world to be declared officially safe to eat, after America's powerful food-safety watchdog ruled it posed no major health or environmental risks.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said it could not find any valid scientific reasons to ban the production of GM Atlantic salmon engineered with extra genes from two other fish species – a decision that could soon lead to its commercial production.

The verdict clears one of the last remaining hurdles for GM salmon to be lawfully sold and eaten in the US and will put pressure on salmon producers in Britain and Europe to follow suit.

Successive chief scientists to the UK Government, as well as science institutions such as the Royal Society, have endorsed the concept of GM technology as a tool for increasing food production in the 21st Century, but consumer opposition has so far blocked the approval of GM food for the dinner table.

Several government bodies including the advisory committees on the release of GM organisms and on novel foods and processes would have to review the technology before it was approved in the UK.

Supporters of the technology believe the GM salmon will make it not only easier and cheaper to produce farmed salmon, but that it could also be better for the environment because they can be grown on land-based fish farms.

Sir John Beddington, the current chief scientist, warned two years ago of a "perfect storm" of growing human numbers, climate change and food shortages, where it would be "very hard to see how it would be remotely sensible to justify not using new technologies such as GM".

GM opponents, however, argue that the introduction of the fast-growing salmon creates risks for both human health and the environment. They also argue that the salmon will be the start of concerted efforts to create other GM animals for human consumption, which could raise serious questions about animal welfare.

The FDA had already indicated the salmon was fit for human consumption. But in a draft environmental assessment written in May and published on Friday following inquiries by The Independent, it goes further by declaring that the production of the GM fish is unlikely to have any detrimental impact on the wider environment.

Opponents of the GM salmon – which some have dubbed the "Frankenfish" – have argued it could escape into the wild, interbreed with wild fish and undermine the genetics of the endangered Atlantic salmon, the "king of fishes" grown on fish farms in the UK.

However, the company behind the GM AquAdvantage salmon emphasised that the genetically engineered fish will be only be grown as sterile females and kept in secure containers on land.

In its draft assessment prepared as part of a New Animal Drug Application (NADA), the FDA agrees that the possibility of GM salmon escaping from fish farms is extremely remote and that interbreeding with wild salmon is equally unlikely.

The possibility of the GM salmon escaping into rivers and the sea from land-based fish farms is "extremely remote", the FDA said.

"[The] FDA has made the preliminary determination it is reasonable to believe that approval of the AquAdvantage salmon NADA will not have any significant impacts on the quality of the human environment of the United States (including populations of endangered Atlantic salmon) when produced and grown under the conditions of use for the proposed action," it concludes.

Anti-GM groups last night raised concerns about the report. Peter Riley, of the pressure group GM Freeze, said: "The sterility system does not guarantee that there will be no escapes into the wild and some of them will be fully fertile. It's also debatable whether anyone wants to buy GM salmon, even in the US, if it is properly labelled."

The FDA also states the two other US Government agencies responsible for overseeing laws on endangered species – the National Marine Fisheries Service and the US Fish and Wildlife Service – have agreed with the FDA's assessment that there will be "no effect" on wild Atlantic salmon or its habitat.

In its report, the FDA warns that if final approval is not given by the US Government, other countries may still develop GM Atlantic salmon.

The research into the GM salmon goes back to the late 1980s and it has gone through 17 years of bureaucratic wrangling over whether it should be approved for human consumption. The FDA indicated in 2010 that it would declare the GM salmon safe to eat but the issue was then kicked into the Washington long grass, which some have put down to nervousness on the part of the White House in the run-up to this year's Presidential election.

AquaBounty Technologies, the Massachusetts biotechnology company that developed the GM salmon, has become increasingly irritated by the delays to its application, which have caused severe strains on its finances.

Last September, the company's chief executive, Ron Stotish, expressed his anger with the FDA, which promised in May this year that it would soon publish its environmental assessment, on which the approval of the application rests.

"We are frustrated and disappointed in the delay, and we feel the FDA and US administration have a responsibility to inform us why they have not yet released the environmental assessment and moved forward our application," Mr Stotish said.

A spokeswoman for the FDA said: "The draft environmental assessment is an interim step in the overall evaluation of the application and is not a decision on the application itself."

Animal farm: a technological revolution

1972: Scientists use special enzymes to snip fragments of DNA – genes – from one microbe and insert or "recombine" them into another microbe. The revolution in recombinant DNA begins with the creation of the first GM organism.

1980: Laboratory mice with genes inserted from other individuals become the first genetically modified "transgenic" animals. Dozens of other experimental species, from pigs and chickens to frogs and fish, follow over the next two decades.

MUCH MORE HERE

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The FDA needs to be the Ginny Pigs to eat this fish and see what it does to them !!

The FED [FDA] is in BED with MONSANTO - 'they' are the least of anyone, that would willfully want to eat 'their' own Genetically Engineered products.

I am surprised this fish is not out there and being consumed. This biotech firm must be threatening to the big ones like Monsanto or they are not willing or able to bribe the FDA. I don't see any long term consumption tests on this fish like what was done on the GMO corn we all consume (French company proved GMO corn greatly increases cancer probability and its growth rate in test rats) MMMMMMMMMMMM tastes good though. FDA stands for Federal Death Accelerator. Remember folks there are very rich people in this world that believe the worlds population needs to be reduced from 6.5 billion to 1 billion for a "sustainable future" ASAP. And they have a lot of power over governments.

If you had a coupon for 50% off genetically modified salmon, would you try it?

What if you knew that the FDA had studies—from AquaBounty, the company that wants to commercialize GMO salmon— that showed that GMO salmon is:

More Allergenic: GMO salmon have mean allergenic potencies that are 20% and 52% higher than normal salmon.

More Carcinogenic: GMO salmon has 40% more IGF1, a hormone linked to prostate, breast and colon cancers in humans.

Less Nutritious: GMO salmon has the lowest omega-3 to omega-6 ratio of any salmon.

Likely To Change The Bacteria Of Your Gut: Horizontal gene transfer, where the bacteria of the human gut takes up modified DNA from GMO foods during digestion, has been shown occur with soy and is likely to happen with GMO salmon, too.

All Messed Up: GMO salmon has increased frequency of skeletal malformations like “humpback” spinal compression, increased prevalence of jaw erosions or “screamer disease,” and multisystemic, focal inflammation in its tissues.

Not Going To Save Wild Salmon: The main justification for GMO salmon is that it could reduce the pressure on wild fish stocks, but consumption isn’t the primary pressure on wild Alaskan salmon, destruction of their habitat is.

Source: http://organicconsumers.org/fish/OCA-GMO-Salmon-Coupon.pdf

I have the firm belief that whatever comes out of the water, needs to stay in the water, so I'm gonna miss out on this delicacy....lol

The problem is that all this was also stated regarding other GM foods, like corn and soy beans, and now, it is proven science that they are having an impact on the health of not only animals, but of humans, so what logic is this but insanity?

All the more reason to require food processors to label the GMO content in their products so we can choose not to eat their crap. In California last election a bill requiring that very thing somehow got defeated by a narrow margin. These foods are banned in most places around the world. 

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