The e-mails suggest Goldman benefited from its bets that securities backed
by subprime mortgages would lose value. The messages seem to contradict
previous statements by the investment bank that it lost money on the
securities.
"Of course we didn't dodge the mortgage mess," CEO Lloyd Blankfein wrote in an e-mail dated Nov. 18, 2007, according to
the e-mails released Saturday by the Senate's Permanent Subcommittee on
Investigations. "We lost money, then made more than we lost because of
shorts."
Goldman restated its position Saturday that it did not reap huge profit from bets against the market.
Short positions are bets that the market will go down. As the housing bubble
burst, Goldman and a few powerful hedge funds took short positions on
the market. Many of those bets required other investors to bet the
market would rise.
When the market went bust, people with short positions cleaned up.
"We were just smaller in the toxic products," Goldman's president, Gary Cohn, writes back to Blankfein that same Sunday evening.
Critics say their bets added fuel to the financial crisis.
One of those bets is at the heart of civil fraud charges the Securities and
Exchange Commission filed against Goldman this month. The SEC says
Goldman let hedge fund Paulson & Co. help select investments for a
portfolio that was designed to lose value, then marketed the deal to
investors who were betting the portfolio's value would rise.
The SEC says Goldman did not tell the investors -- mostly European banks --
that the deal was created in part by the hedge fund and therefore was
designed to fail.
Separately Saturday, Goldman released a series of e-mails from Fabrice Tourre, the trader at the heart of the SEC
charges. In them, Tourre jokes about selling investments to "widows and
orphans" when he already expects the market to go bust.
He writes in an e-mail dated March 7, 2007, that Dan Sparks, leader of Goldman's
U.S. subprime business, said the business "is totally dead, and the
poor little subprime borrowers will not last so long!!!"
That April, he joked about the bonds the SEC charges he misled clients about.
"I've managed to sell a few abacus bonds to widows and orphans that I ran
into at the airport, apparently these Belgians adore" the complex
investments, Tourre wrote.
The e-mails are in a mixture of French and English, and are to a woman with whom Tourre appeared to be romantically involved. Goldman provided translations.
The same e-mails were excerpted in the SEC's complaint against Goldman, but the full context was not reported previously.
The subcommittee, whose probe is not connected with the SEC's, has been
investigating the causes of the financial crisis for 18 months. Its
fourth and final hearing Tuesday will include testimony from Blankfein
and Fabrice Tourre, a trader named in the SEC case.
Goldman has denied wrongdoing and says it will fight the charges. In a statement
Saturday, spokesman Lucas Van Praag said the bank lost $1.2 billion in
the residential mortgage market during 2007 and 2008.
"As a firm, we obviously could not have been significantly net short since we lost
money in a declining housing market," Van Praag said in a statement. He
said the Senate panel "cherry-picked" four e-mail threads out of 20
million pages Goldman provided.
Van Praag is one of the handful of top executives who contributed to the e-mails the Senate committee released Saturday.
Blankfein's comment about Goldman making more than it lost was a response to an
e-mail from Van Praag in which Van Praag discussed a forthcoming New
York Times article about the firm. It would show "how we dodged the
mortgage mess," Van Praag explained.
In one, Goldman Chief Financial Officer David Viniar says that in one day the firm made more
than $50 million on bets that the housing market would collapse,
according to a statement from Levin's office.
Viniar, also scheduled to testify Tuesday, summed up the position of investors who had not bet against the market:
"Tells you what might be happening to people who don't have the big short," Viniar writes in the message dated July 25, 2007.
The e-mails were released by subcommittee chair Sen. Carl Levin, D-Mich. In a statement, Levin called banks like Goldman
"self-interested promoters of risky and complicated financial schemes
that helped trigger the crisis."
Goldman said in its 2009 annual report that its short positions sought to offset its long positions in
the mortgage market and did not generate large profits. Through 2006,
Goldman "generally was long in exposure" in the mortgage-backed
securities market, according to the report, and after taking losses on
those securities in 2006 it reduced its exposure.
"Although Goldman Sachs held various positions in residential mortgage-related products in
2007, our short positions were not 'a bet against our clients,'"
according to the report.
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