Radio Science Observing is scientific observations of electromagnetic, electric, and magnetic fields.  It's about recording and taking measurements of a natural and man made transmissions.     Radio Science Observers monitor a wider range of frequencies from 0.1 Hz to over 300 GHz.     Some work for science groups, some do it as a hobby, some work for a private investigation agency.

How private investigators use radio science observing is set a radio receiver connected to a computer with a active antenna and it starts recording various measurements from different frequencies such as 2.5 Hz (the earthquake heater emission), 6925 kHz (a pirate radio station).  They use a program called Spectrograpm that shows how intense the signal is.    The spectrogram will give out the time and date when the transmission started and stopped in case they missed it.   They take the results to the proper authorities to use as evidence for crime that has been committed by the pirate radio station.   They use the data as PROOF against the pirate radio station that started and stopped the transmission.   They also use the audio and video portion as proof as well.  This is something that the FCC does not talk about, and I bet they hired radio science observers in the city and rural locations to record everything of the pirate transmission the signal strength, the modulation, the direction of signal, the program, the time of transmission, the frequency (accurate measurement) if the station used a subcarrier.   Also the radio science observer uses weather data, space weather data, magnetic and electric field data.

How hobbyists use radio science observing is to occasionally monitor signals using a computer with a antenna connected to the sound card.     Most hobbyists that do this record and take measurements of radio stations signals and also record the audio portion of the transmission.   Also if it's video they measure the strength of the signal, monitor the audio and video portion.     A DXer is a sort of a radio science observer, but they sit at the receiver and wait until the signal comes in and takes the log of the signal the time it occured and records it on tape.  Also DXer's monitor the solar activity and propagation and turns the results in for a QSL verification card or shares it via the Internet to see if others have received the same signal.

  How to do radio science observing?

  First is that you need a :

  More than 1  Radio Receiver

  More than 1  Antenna

  Computer with Soundcard

  Spectrum Lab

  Log Book

  Weather Station