LONDON – When an Icelandic volcano erupted last week, it didn't just wreak havoc with commercial flights. It grounded American jet fighters and some of the most advanced air forces in the world.
Like their commercial cousins, fighters, reconnaissance planes, helicopters and other military aircraft around the region sat idle for days. They are just now beginning to come back to life, although fighter jets — which have highly sensitive engines — remain grounded across Europe.
The U.S. Air Force's biggest fighter wing in Europe, at England's RAF Lakenheath air base, was under no-fly orders and many of its F-15s were being kept in protective shelters. U.S. military officials at their European headquarters in Germany said they were keeping all aircraft on routine missions on the ground regionwide as a precaution.
"When everyone else wasn't flying, we weren't flying either," said U.S. Air Force Lt. Kim Schaerdel at Aviano Air Base in northern Italy. She said only a few flights were allowed to take off
from Aviano on Wednesday, as thousands of commercial airliners were
getting back in the air and most of the flying bans were lifted.
Fighters are more susceptible to the ash in part because their engines operate
at higher temperatures due to more extreme performance requirements,
making it more likely that the ash will melt inside the engine's hot
parts.
Col. John Quintas, the 48th Fighter Wing operations group commander at Lakenheath, said extensive tests were to be conducted on the engines of two
fighters that were set to fly later Wednesday. More flights would be
allowed only if no damage is found.
"We're evaluating the situation, looking at the weather patterns and trying to
make the determination when it would be acceptable to resume our
training operations," said Lt. Col. Dave Honchul at Ramstein air base
in Germany. He said that through Wednesday about 300 training missions
for all their planes had been canceled.
Qunintas said the military was under less pressure to get back in the air immediately than commercial operators.
"Our mission is training to be combat ready, and they are losing dollars by
the minute," he said. "The directors of commercial airlines are under a
lot more stress. I can afford to be on their heels and let them assume
a little of the risk."
But he said the volcano has clearly affected the military's ability to carry out its mission, and could continue to do so in the months ahead.
"Anytime you have a reduction of operations you are atrophying the training of
your aviators," he said. "You have to be cautious about how to get back
into high performance."
Getting supplies to Afghanistan has also gotten more complicated, and troops have had to deal with mail not being delivered properly and low supplies at base stores.
Two US military bases in southern Spain are seeing big increases in stopovers by transport planes heading to or from Afghanistan because
the planes can no longer stop over in Germany for refueling or
maintenance, meaning longer flying times and delays. Medical flights to
Landstuhl Regional Medical Center near Ramstein for troops injured in Afghanistan and Iraq
have been halted although hospitals in the war zones are not short of
supplies or overwhelmed by patients, said spokeswoman Marie Shaw.
"We haven't had any patient arrivals or departures," she told The
Associated Press Wednesday. "We hope now that the airspace is open we
are going to be able to move some people."
To test the safety of the skies, some fighter jets flew during the closure period. Not all came back unscathed — one
Belgian F-16 and two Finnish F-18s reportedly had engine damage after
flying through the ash cloud, an outcome that could bode ill for future
fighter operations if the volcano continues to belch ash.
Even with fighters out of the air for the time being, military officials
said their overall air defenses — which rely heavily on ground-based
radar systems, not on airborne fighters — are not significantly
compromised.
NATO took the precaution of transferring several of its Boeing E-3A aerial
early-warning radar planes from their base in Germany to Italy last
week ahead of the main ash cloud to retain surveillance flights deemed
crucial for European air defense. The four-engine jets continued their
high-altitude patrols throughout the ash emergency, officials said.
Col. Greg Julian, spokesman for the alliance's supreme military headquarters
in Mons, Belgium, said NATO was able to shift many operations involving
logistics, medical flights, surveillance and air defense. Hubs in
southern Italy and Spain were pulled into use, he said.
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