"An officer who gives an order to torture or kill is an ‘individual’ in that word’s ordinary usage; an organization is not - US Supreme Court Justice: Sonia Sotomayor - April 18, 2012".

Justices Limit Suits Under Law on Torture - the family of an American citizen killed during a visit to the West Bank, may not sue the Palestinian Authority, and the Palestine Liberation Organization, under a 1991 federal law, the Torture Victim Protection Act.
Source: www.nytimes.com/2012/04/19/us/politics/j...ed-over-torture.html

For some recent reason, one now needs to "LOG IN" to the NY Times in order to read their on-line stories - so here is a link to CBS: www.cbsnews.com/8301-501705_162-57415717...-torture-victim-law/

See Section 31 of the following document - or page 44, via the page scrolling (menu) arrows, for the pdf document:

B. The Slavery Prohibition Extends To Corporations.

The prohibition against slavery applies to private actors, and it is not restricted to natural persons.
International human rights treaties refer to the right to be free of slavery as a universal human right irrespective of the perpetrator.
Source: corporateaccountabilitynow.org/sites/def...l-Specter-amicus.pdf

The following is a BRIEF OF FORMER U.S. SENATOR ARLEN SPECTER, HUMAN RIGHTS FIRST, AND THE ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONERS, registered with the SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES, and in pdf format, which I recently came across - this document best describes the whole deception, which is currently taking place, in the SUPREME COURT, viz TORTURE, and those responsible - that is - the past and present UNITED STATES PRESIDENTIAL ADMINISTRATIONS, et al.,

See page 2 & 3 of the actual document - or page 10 & 11 via the page scrolling (menu) arrows:

SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT

In 1991, Congress adopted the Torture Victim Protection Act to address a significant gap in U.S. law. While foreign nationals had a right to pursue civil remedies in U.S. courts for serious human rights abuses such as torture or extrajudicial killing, U.S. citizens had no comparable right under the Alien Tort Statute (“ATS”). The TVPA addressed this omission in federal law by establishing a right of action for torture and extrajudicial killing, thereby affording U.S. citizens the same rights already granted to foreign nationals. The TVPA was also adopted to ensure victims of torture and extrajudicial killing would have a right of action for such acts even if the courts developed a restrictive approach to ATS litigation.
The TVPA establishes civil liability to any “individual” who commits acts of torture or extrajudicial killing. The text and legislative history of the TVPA do not limit its applicability to natural persons. In U.S. law, the word “individual” can include juridical persons such as organizations and corporations. The TVPA’s legislative history also reveals Congress’s goal in using the word “individual” was to make clear foreign governments would not be subject to the TVPA. History shows that human rights abuses can emanate from any entity, and liability must be extended accordingly. For these reasons, Congress would not have limited the TVPA’s scope of liability to natural persons.
Source: www.humanrightsfirst.org/wp-content/uplo...en_Specter_et_al.pdf

The definition of "Person" under 31 C.F.R. 103.11(z) is:

[a]n "INDIVIDUAL", a corporation, a partnership, a trust or estate, a joint stock company, an association, a syndicate, joint venture, or other unincorporated organization or group, an Indian Tribe (as that term is defined in the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act), and all entities cognizable as legal personalities.

The definition of "U.S Person" in the instructions to the Old FBAR was:

(1) a citizen or resident of the United States, (2) a domestic partnership, (3) a domestic corporation, or (4) a domestic estate or trust.
Source: www.mofo.com/pubs/xpqPublicationDetail.a...bDetail&pub=7747

(some brackets mine) - also bolding and underlining and, "INDIVIDUAL".