Helen Branswell
The Canadian Press
March 5, 2009
The company that released contaminated flu virus material from a plant in Austria confirmed Friday that the experimental product contained live H5N1 avian flu viruses.
The contamination incident, which is being investigated by the four European countries, came to light when the subcontractor in the Czech Republic inoculated ferrets with the product and they died. Ferrets shouldn’t die from exposure to human H3N2 flu viruses. | |
And an official of the World Health Organization’s European operation said the body is closely monitoring the investigation into the events that took place at Baxter International’s research facility in Orth-Donau, Austria.
“At this juncture we are confident in saying that public health and occupational risk is minimal at present,” medical officer Roberta Andraghetti said from Copenhagen, Denmark.
“But what remains unanswered are the circumstances surrounding the incident in the Baxter facility in Orth-Donau.”
The contaminated product, a mix of H3N2 seasonal flu viruses and unlabelled H5N1 viruses, was supplied to an Austrian research company. The Austrian firm, Avir Green Hills Biotechnology, then sent portions of it to sub-contractors in the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Germany.
The contamination incident, which is being investigated by the four European countries, came to light when the subcontractor in the Czech Republic inoculated ferrets with the product and they died. Ferrets shouldn’t die from exposure to human H3N2 flu viruses.
Public health authorities concerned about what has been described as a “serious error” on Baxter’s part have assumed the death of the ferrets meant the H5N1 virus in the product was live. But the company, Baxter International Inc., has been parsimonious about the amount of information it has released about the event.
On Friday, the company’s director of global bioscience communications confirmed what scientists have suspected.
“It was live,” Christopher Bona said in an email.
People familiar with biosecurity rules are dismayed by evidence that human H3N2 and avian H5N1 viruses somehow co-mingled in the Orth-Donau facility. That is a dangerous practice that should not be allowed to happen, a number of experts insisted.
Accidental release of a mixture of live H5N1 and H3N2 viruses could have resulted in dire consequences.
While H5N1 doesn’t easily infect people, H3N2 viruses do. If someone exposed to a mixture of the two had been simultaneously infected with both strains, he or she could have served as an incubator for a hybrid virus able to transmit easily to and among people.
That mixing process, called reassortment, is one of two ways pandemic viruses are created.
There is no suggestion that happened because of this accident, however.
“We have no evidence of any reassortment, that any reassortment may have occurred,” said Andraghetti.
“And we have no evidence of any increased transmissibility of the viruses that were involved in the experiment with the ferrets in the Czech Republic.”
Baxter hasn’t shed much light — at least not publicly — on how the accident happened. Earlier this week Bona called the mistake the result of a combination of “just the process itself, (and) technical and human error in this procedure.”
He said he couldn’t reveal more information because it would give away proprietary information about Baxter’s production process.
Andraghetti said Friday the four investigating governments are co-operating closely with the WHO and the European Centre for Disease Control in Stockholm, Sweden.
“We are in very close contact with Austrian authorities to understand what the circumstances of the incident in their laboratory were,” she said.
“And the reason for us wishing to know what has happened is to prevent similar events in the future and to share lessons that can be learned from this event with others to prevent similar events. … This is very important.”
Research related links
Comment
By Michelle Fay Cortez and Jason Gale
Feb. 24 (Bloomberg) -- Baxter International Inc. in Austria unintentionally contaminated samples with the bird flu virus that
were used in laboratories in three neighboring countries, raising
concern about the potential spread of the deadly disease.
The contamination was discovered when ferrets at a laboratory in the Czech Republic died after being inoculated with
vaccine made from the samples early this month. The material came
from Deerfield, Illinois-based Baxter, which reported the
incident to the Austrian Ministry of Health, Sigrid Rosenberger,
a ministry spokeswoman, said today in a telephone interview.
“This was infected with a bird flu virus,” Rosenberger said. “There were some people from the company who handled it.”
The material was intended for use in laboratories, and none of the lab workers have fallen ill. The incident is drawing
scrutiny over the safety of research using the H5N1 bird flu
strain that’s killed more than three-fifths of the people known
to have caught the bug worldwide. Some scientists say the 1977
Russian flu, the most recent global outbreak, began when a virus
escaped from a laboratory.
The virus material was supposed to contain a seasonal flu virus and was contaminated after “human error,” said
Christopher Bona, a spokesman for Baxter, in a telephone
interview.
‘Sanitized’
Baxter “moved very quickly to sanitize and protect employees,” Bona said. “Labs have been sanitized, potentially
contaminated materials have been destroyed and employees were
tested and considered not to be at risk.”
Baxter gained 93 cents, or 1.6 percent, to $58.27 at 4 p.m. in New York Stock Exchange composite trading, and has lost 2.3 percent over the last 12 months.
The Austrian health ministry reported the incident to the European Union and is conducting its own audit, Rosenberger said.
In response, Baxter said it has put in place “preventive and
corrective” measures that the ministry found satisfactory. The
vaccine has been destroyed, according to Rosenberger.
The World Health Organization “is aware of the situation and is consulting with the ministers of health of the countries
involved to ensure that all public risks arising from this event
have been identified and managed appropriately,” said Gregory
Hartl, a spokesman in Geneva.
European Agencies
The European Medicines Agency has no immediate comment, said Monika Benstetter, an agency spokeswoman. The U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, which distributes seasonal flu
viruses to companies for vaccine manufacturing, isn’t
investigating or providing consultation, said Tom Skinner, a
spokesman for the Atlanta-based agency. The CDC is staying in
touch with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
regarding the incident, Skinner said.
The H5N1 strain of avian flu has been monitored by health officials around the world for more than a decade for signs it
could mutate into a form that is easily spread among humans.
Currently, it passes mainly among infected poultry.
A flu pandemic of avian or other origin could kill more than 70 million people worldwide and lead to a “major global
recession” costing more than $3 trillion, according to a worst-
case scenario outlined by the World Bank in October.
H5N1 has infected at least 408 people in 15 countries since 2003, killing 63 percent of them, according to the Web site of the Geneva-based WHO.
Flu Pandemic
BioTest s.r.o, a Czech biotechnology company, was conducting research for a company called AVIR Green Hills Biotechnology
using materials supplied by Baxter. The company was “supposed to
get non-infected testing vaccine, which was by mistake of the
supplier contaminated with the H5N1 virus,” BioTest said in a
statement last week.
AVIR Green Hills monitored its lab workers for signs of illness and got access to Roche Holding AG’s Tamiflu antiviral in
case of infections, said Birgit Kofler-Bettschart, a spokeswoman
for the closely held, Vienna-based company. AVIR Green Hills
sanitized its laboratories, destroyed potentially contaminated
samples, and told health officials, she said in an e-mail today.
Three influenza pandemics, including the 1918 Spanish flu that killed more than 50 million people, have occurred since 1900.
Threats
Another three pandemic threats -- situations where a global epidemic is close to occurring -- have occurred. One was the Russian flu of 1977.
The H5N1 virus, “even if it were let out of the lab, would be only lethal for birds in its present state,” said Ilaria
Capua, a veterinary virologist, whose laboratory in Padova,
Italy, handles some of the avian-flu screening for the World
Organization for Animal Health. Capua said she has no knowledge
of the situation. “In Europe, we can react fast” to outbreaks
of the disease in animals, she said.
Baxter, the world’s largest maker of blood-disease treatments, is one of the companies working on a vaccine to be
used in case of a flu pandemic. The European Medicines Agency
recommended approval of Baxter’s Celvapan, the first cell
culture-based vaccine for bird flu in Europe, in December.
To contact the reporters on this story: Michelle Fay Cortez in London at
mcortez@bloomberg.netJason Gale in Singapore at
j.gale@bloomberg.net
"Destroying the New World Order"
THANK YOU FOR SUPPORTING THE SITE!
© 2024 Created by truth. Powered by
You need to be a member of 12160 Social Network to add comments!
Join 12160 Social Network