'Lava haze' and 'vog': toxic volcanic gases prompt health fears in Hawaii

deadly plumes of volcanic gas and particles are polluting the Big Island in the wake of recent eruptions

Lava flows into the ocean near Pahoa, Hawaii. Lava haze is formed when hot lava boils seawater, creating tiny shards of volcanic glass and hydrochloric acid.
 Lava flows into the ocean near Pahoa, Hawaii. Lava haze is formed when hot lava boils seawater, creating tiny shards of volcanic glass and hydrochloric acid. Photograph: Jae C Hong/AP

Three dozen tourists were gathered at the Wailoa Sampan Basin Harbor in Hilo, Hawaii, hoping to get a glimpse of the lava that they’d seen on the news for weeks.

But because Hawaii Volcanoes national park – often a key stop in travelers’ itineraries – was closed after Kilauea erupted, their best hope on Monday afternoon was taking a boat to the point where the lava met the sea.

Some said they’d packed breathing masks, just in case the trade winds — which usually blow in clean sea air — changed direction and began blowing a lava haze, a noxious mix of gases and particles, their way.

Although many tourists to Hawaii island – the Big Island – choose to visit because of the active volcano, some have gotten more than they bargained for since the eruption. (Petra Wiesenbauer, who runs a popular Pahoa lodge near the park, had to hurry three guests out of the door while she and her neighbors fled the lava and toxic fumes.)

Up until lava crossed Highway 137 late Saturday night and entered the ocean, volcanic smog, called vog, which contains mostly sulfur dioxide and acid particles, along with ash, had been the biggest air quality concern.

But then the molten rock began pouring into the cool seawater and added clouds of lava haze or “laze”. Officials warned people to stay away since the plumes can travel up to 15 miles downwind, according to the Hawaii Volcano Observatory.

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