http://www.archive.org/details/OperationHARDTACK_UnderwaterTests1958

 Operation HARDTACK Military Effects Studies: Underwater Tests (1958)

     Operation Wigwam ^[1], Operation HARDTACK I & II ^[1a][1b] and Operation Crossroads ^[1c] are prime examples of how easy it is to detonate tsunami making bombs from deep under the ocean’s surface.  My reason for including these operations is to perhaps help silence those critics who say it’s impossible to create ‘manmade’ earthquakes or tsunamis.   These operations prove the technology has long been here to help Mother Nature along, - such as that of the Pacific Ring of Fire where large numbers of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean.  But with the following tests, tsunamis were part of the outcome, and the Ring of Fire had nothing to do with it.  Operation HARDTACK Military Effects Studies Part II: Underwater Tests [1958], Department of Defence [DoD] documentary film, Lookout Mountain Laboratory USAF. ^[1a][1b]

     Here is an amazing link [1b] that provides the original documentary film footage that unwittingly reveals and actually shows alongside with the narrator [Ray Walston was a high profile Hollywood personality to be credited with top secret security clearance to document nuclear weapons development for the U.S. military.], who confirms that following on from ‘two underwater tests’ as part of Operation HARDTACK I, - that the sea levels rose by ‘twice their height’, in one case by 12ft and the other by an incredible 22ft.  You can see many trees being washed away and some around 30ft in height confirms how high the sea levels were, as the tsunami raged and steam-rolled into land. 

     Licence holders of this film from 1958 say it was carefully sanitised by nuclear weapons experts and DoD officials to remove secret information, and it’s quite possible the remaining footage shows more inland shots, and the obvious devastation the tsunamis must of caused, - though because the islands were uninhabited, there were not the normal properties, people, boats or cars etc., to be affected, killed or damaged. 

     It’s truly remarkable that we are able to witness this evidence firsthand, it’s almost an honour, - and only possible thanks to http://www.atomicforum.org, who have made it possible for all the world to see and prove, - that yes indeed ‘man can make tsunamis’, despite the corrupt Alpha, Delta Kappa like scientists, or magazines like Poplar Mechanics, New Scientist and academic tools such as the Encyclopaedia Britannica etc. telling us it’s not possible, - this film footage is a huge middle finger to the lot of them.

     I urge you to view this ‘top-secret’ film that as I say has been sanitised with secret portions removed, after the complete version was locked away for decades in top secret vaults, and where the uncensored version remains to this day. - Do it now before the film is pulled off the website and no longer available, there’s a link on the http://www.atomicforum.org website that will allow you to forward it via email to others.

     The purpose of this documentary film was to report the results of nuclear weapons detonations experiments applied under an overall joint task force operation codenamed Operation HARDTACK I.  Carefully screened members of only applicable committee members of Congress saw this film report, as well as need-to-know employees of the DoD and appropriate executives of the White House. [1b]

     Operation Wigwam involved suspending a Mark 90 Betty nuclear bomb given the nickname “Betty”, from a 2,000 feet [660 meters] cable from under a barge.  ‘Betty’ was10ft 2in in length, with a diameter of 2 ft 7.5 in and a weight of 1,243 lb, and it carried a Mark 7 nuclear warhead with a yield of 5-10 kilotons.  A six-mile tow line connected a fleet tug, the Tawasa, and the shot barge itself. Suspended from the tow lines of other tugs were three miniature unmanned submarines named “Squaws”, each packed with cameras and telemetry instruments.  It was conducted between Operation Teapot and Operation Redwing on the 14^th May 1955, about 500 miles southwest of San Diego, California.  6,800 personnel aboard 30 ships were involved in Wigwam, which was carried-out to determine the vulnerability of submarines to deeply-detonated nuclear weapons, and to evaluate the feasibility of using such weapons in a combat situation. ^[2][3][4]

     Operation HARDTACK I & II ^[1a] was a series of 72 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1958. Hardtack I was carried out in the Pacific Ocean, at Bikini Atoll, Enewetak Atoll, and Johnston IslandYour browser supports the new <video> tag!
Would you like to try the new <video> tag?.  Operation HARDTACK I consisted of 35 nuclear tests conducted at the Pacific Proving Ground between 28^th April and the 18^thAugust 1958.  These tests included balloon, surface, barge, underwater and rocket-borne high-altitude tests. The first test, Yucca, was a nuclear device attached to a helium balloon launched from the USS Boxer near Enewetak Atoll.

     However it’s the second part of Operation HARDTRACK that I’m concentrating on, as it consisted of the underwater tests named Wahoo and Umbrella.  Wahoo was detonated in the deep open ocean southwest of Boken Island, and Umbrella inside the western end of the lagoon at Enewetak, these are the two tests that; “resulted in the sea-levels surrounding these islands by 12ft and 22ft respectively.” 

     The purpose of these tests was to improve the understanding of the effects of underwater explosions on Navy ships and material, and in regards to being able to create tsunamis, was I think just an accidental occurrence following such experiments, that were continuations of earlier underwater testing that included Operation Crossroads at Bikini in 1946, and the already mentioned Operation Wigwam off the US West Coast in 1955^[4].

     Operation Crossroads also consisted of two detonations, each with a yield of 23 kilotons: Able was detonated at an altitude of 520 feet [158 m] on 1^st July 1946; Baker was detonated 90 feet [27 m] underwater on 25^th July 1946.  A third burst, Charlie, planned for 1947, was cancelled primarily because of the Navy’s inability to decontaminate the target ships after the Baker test.  The Crossroads tests were the fourth and fifth nuclear explosions conducted by the USA following the Trinity test and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 

     It part of the report, it states water rushing back into the space vacated by the rising gas bubble started a “...tsunami-like water wave which lifted the ships as it passed under them”.  At 11 seconds after detonation, the first wave was 1,000 feet [305 m] from surface zero and 94 feet [29 m] high.^[5] By the time it reached the Bikini Island beach, 3.5 miles [6 km] away, “...it was a nine-wave set with shore breakers up to 15 feet [5 m] high, just tossed landing craft onto the beach and filled them with sand.” ^[5] It was also the case that; “There was no mushroom cloud; nothing rose into the stratosphere.”

     There were many tests and experiments being carried out during the 50’s, such as Operation Teapot ^[6], Redwing ^[7][7a], Plumbbob ^[8] and Operation Castle ^[9][9a] which was a USA series of high-energy [high-yield] nuclear tests by Joint Task Force SEVEN [JTF-7] at Bikini Atoll beginning in March 1954.  It followed Operation Upshot-Knothole ^[10] and preceded Operation Teapot. 

     I’m not saying these kinds of bombs would or have been used for creating any earthquakes or tsunamis, as particularly the majority of these ‘nuclear test’ of the 1950’s took place above – on land, as opposed to that of Operation Wigwam that was detonated 2000ft, and Operation HARDTACK ^[1a] 3000ft under the ocean’s surface.  

    To use some of the kinds of bombs that were used in them days, would leave obvious telltale signs, i.e. a fuck-off sized mushroom cloud visible from outer space.  Yet this isn’t necessarily so with underwater explosions, as what you tend to get is a massive raised curtain of water and not a mushroom cloud of smoke, as above says; “...nothing rose into the stratosphere.”

  And incredibly another interesting detail that the Operation HARDTACK Underwater Tests1958 film footage ^[1b] reveals, is that in just 12 minutes following detonation, virtually all traces of an explosion were gone. 

     Let’s not forget the Pacific Ocean is the largest on the earth, as it extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.  At 63.8 million square miles, [165.2 million square kilometres], in area, it covers about 46% of the Earth’s water surface and about one-third of its total surface ^[11].  

     Strategically position and denoted, then even a 2000lb bomb would be like a pimple of an elephants arsehole, - and even if you could at all see into the distance, then if anything it would be more reminiscent to a neighbour having a ‘Barbie’, than that of a massive bomb be denoted thousands of feet below the ocean’s surface.   

     In Operation Crossroads it states: “By the time the Wilson cloud vanished, the top of the column had become a ‘cauliflower,’ and all the spray in the column and its cauliflower was moving down, back into the lagoon. Although cloudlike in shape, the cauliflower was more like the top of a geyser where water stops moving up and starts to fall.”  And as I’ve already noted: “There was no mushroom cloud; nothing rose into the stratosphere.”

      The Ring of Fire is a fantastic Johnny Cash song, and is also the name a 40,000 km [25,000 mile] horseshoe shape, that’s associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic belts and/or plate movements.  The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world’s active and dormant volcanoes.  About 90% of the world's earthquakes and 80% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.  The next most seismic region [5–6% of earthquakes and 17% of the world’s largest earthquakes] is the Alpide belt, which extends from Java to Sumatra through the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, and out into the Atlantic.  The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the third most prominent earthquake belt. ^[12]

      And as I’ve mentioned before, imagine lowering and depositing or whatever other ways you want to, something like a 2,000lb bomb, - or the necessary required size, - into an oceanic trench, volcanic arc, belt or crevice.  There are course various other ways and methods this type of operation could be carried out, you might for example only wish to create a tsunami as opposed to an earthquake.  Now bring these kinds of bombs inland, deep underground in other well known volcanic trenches, arcs and belts, fault-lines, crevices and craters etc., and you can create huge mountainous mudslides, landslides and or course flooding. 

     We should also consider how much more advanced technology has become over the 53 plus years and since they last experimented with these operations.  Remember how big and cumbersome the first mobile telephones [the ‘brick’] and computers were, - and now look at them. 

     As what these tests and experiments did unobtrusively yield, - was that it soon showed us what man is truly capable of, - and when in the right environment, scaled up or down in size, - and with the conditions ideal, these kinds of bombs can be used to help and assist to trigger-off another series of events; i.e. earthquakes, floods, landslides and the ‘proven’ tsunamis.  

     Huge dams, miles deep mines, and gigantic open-pit quarries almost the scale of the Grand Canyon have all been forged and ripped out of the earth’s surface, and in certain regions around the world.  All this and much more is easily achieved, and with the right technology and equipment in the wrong pair of hands, - then anything is possible, - such as the sudden appearance of a sinkhole ^[13], that can vary in size from 1 to 600 meters [3.3 to 2,000 ft] both in diameter and depth, and in your own back yard!

     In light of disturbing WikiLeaks cables, thousands of Bangladeshi took to the streets again on March 28th as part of a decade-long battle to halt a devastating British-owned open-pit coal mine, the world will not only be watching whether Bangladesh’s government will honour a coal ban agreement from 2006 or resort to violence.  American and worldwide human rights and environmental organisations will also be questioning why the Obama administration is covertly pushing for Bangladesh to reverse course and resist an internationally condemned massive open-pit mine that will displace an estimated 100,000-200,000 villagers and ravage desperately needed farm land and water resources.

[1] Operation Wigwam Test Report, DTRA (PDF)

[1a] Operation HARDTACK Military Effects Studies Part II: Underwater Tests (1958), Department of Defense documentary film, Lookout Mountain Laboratory USAF.

[1b] http://www.archive.org/details/OperationHARDTACK_UnderwaterTests1958

[1c] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Crossroads#cite_note-70       

[2] Chuck Hansen, U. S. Nuclear Weapons: The Secret History (Arlington: AeroFax, 1988) ISBN 0517567407

[3] The Nuclear Weapons Archive

[4] "United States Nuclear Tests, July 1945 through September 1992 (DOE... (pdf). U.S. Department of Energy Nevada Operations Office. 2000. http://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV....

[5] Glasstone, Samuel; Dolan, Philip (1977), The Effects of Nuclear Weapons (3rd ed.), U.S. Government Printing Office: 1977 O-213-794, http://www.princeton.edu/sgs/publications/articles/effects/, retrieved 2009-12-16

[6] Operation Teapot: Defense Technical Information Center. Exercise Desert Rock VI. Oper...

[7] Defense Department film giving technical results of Redwing blasts

[7a] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Redwing

[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Teapot

[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Plumbbob

[9a] Downloadable/Streamable Declassified Film: Military Effects Studies...

[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Upshot-Knothole

[11] ^ Pacific Ocean". Britannica Concise. 2006. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc

[12] "Ring of Fire - Pacific Ring of Fire". http://geography.about.com/cs/earthquakes/a/ringoffire.htm.

[13]   ^ http://www.state.tn.us/environment/tdg/maps/pdf/sinkhole.pdf